Why does solid copper have a density of 8060 kg/m^3 while molten copper has a density of 7900 kg/m^3?
The difference in density between solid and molten copper is due to the particles' arrangement and spacing. Solid copper atoms are closely packed in an ordered pattern, which results in a high density. In contrast, molten copper atoms have a less ordered arrangement and more space between them, leading to a lower density.
Explanation:
Solid Copper: In a solid state, the atoms of copper are closely packed together in a regular, ordered pattern. This compact arrangement leads to a higher density as more copper atoms are packed into a given volume.
Molten Copper: When copper is in the molten state, the atoms are in a random, less ordered arrangement. There is more space between the atoms than in the solid state due to increased kinetic energy, which makes the atoms move more freely and occupy a larger volume. This increased volume results in a lower density for molten copper compared to solid copper.
The difference in density is primarily attributed to the arrangement and spacing of atoms in the two states. While the mass of each particle remains constant, the packing and movement of particles change when copper transitions from a solid to a molten state, affecting its overall density.