Calculating Final Temperature of Nitric Acid and Calcium Hydroxide Mixture
We mix 72 mL of 0.917 M nitric acid with 41 mL of 0.467 M calcium hydroxide. Both solutions are initially at 20 ∘C. What is the final temperature?
The final temperature of the mixture of nitric acid and calcium hydroxide can be calculated using the heat of reaction. Final temperature = 20 + ΔT. The reaction between nitric acid (HNO3) and calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) is exothermic and releases heat:
HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 → Ca(NO3)2 + H2O
The heat of reaction can be calculated using the formula: q = nCΔT where q is the heat released, n is the number of moles of reactants, C is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature.
We can calculate the number of moles of nitric acid and calcium hydroxide using their molarities:
nHNO3 = 0.072 L * 0.917 mol/L = 0.066 mol
nCa(OH)2 = 0.041 L * 0.467 mol/L = 0.019 mol
We can assume that the heat released by the reaction is equal to the heat absorbed by the solution, so q = -nCΔT, where nCΔT is the heat absorbed by the solution.
We can use the formula ΔT = q / (nC), where ΔT is the change in temperature, q is the heat absorbed by the solution, n is the number of moles of the solution, final temperature and C is the specific heat capacity of the solution.
We can assume the specific heat capacity of the solution to be 4.18 J/g°C. The mass of the solution can be calculated as follows:
mass = n * molar mass
mass = (0.066 mol + 0.019 mol) * (molar mass of HNO3 + molar mass of Ca(OH)2)
We can then calculate ΔT heat of reaction as:
ΔT = q / (mass * C)
So, the final temperature can be calculated as:
final temperature = 20 + ΔT
Do you understand how to calculate the final temperature of the nitric acid and calcium hydroxide mixture?
Yes, I understand the process of calculating the final temperature of the nitric acid and calcium hydroxide mixture. By using the heat of reaction and specific heat capacity, we can determine the final temperature based on the given molarities and initial temperature of the solutions.