What are the external features of prokaryotes?

External Features of Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells are characterized by various external features that play crucial roles in their survival and functions. These features include cell walls, capsules, flagella, and pili.

Cell Walls

Cell walls provide structural support and protection for prokaryotic cells. In bacteria, the cell wall can be composed of peptidoglycan or other materials. The cell wall helps maintain the shape of the cell and protects it from external threats.

Capsules

Capsules are slimy layers that surround some prokaryotic cells. They aid in evading the host's immune system, allowing the cells to avoid detection and destruction. Capsules also provide additional protection from environmental stresses.

Flagella

Flagella are whip-like appendages that enable motility in prokaryotic cells. They help the cells move towards favorable environments with nutrients and away from harmful conditions. Flagella play a vital role in the survival and dispersal of prokaryotes.

Pili

Pili are shorter, hair-like structures that aid in adhesion to surfaces and other cells. They facilitate processes such as DNA transfer between cells. Pili are important for prokaryotes to interact with their environment and other organisms.

These external features of prokaryotic cells are essential for their survival, growth, and interactions with the environment. Each feature serves a specific function that contributes to the overall success of prokaryotes.