Plant Cell Central Vacuole: Functions and Importance

What is the function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

A. Supports cell division

B. Maintains turgor pressure

C. Controls respiration

D. Facilitates photosynthesis

Answer:

B. Maintains turgor pressure

The central vacuole in plant cells plays a crucial role in maintaining turgor pressure, which is essential for various cellular functions and the overall health of the plant. Turgor pressure refers to the pressure exerted by the fluid inside the central vacuole against the cell wall. This pressure helps keep the plant cells firm and upright, enabling them to support the plant's structure and maintain rigidity.

When the central vacuole is filled with water and other substances, it creates turgor pressure, which is necessary for certain processes such as nutrient uptake, cell growth, and overall plant growth. Without adequate turgor pressure, plant cells may wilt or become flaccid, leading to the wilting of leaves and stems.

In addition to maintaining turgor pressure, the central vacuole also acts as a storage organelle, housing various molecules and ions that are essential for the plant's metabolism and growth. These stored substances can include water, nutrients, pigments, toxins, and waste products. By regulating the composition of the central vacuole, the plant cell can control its internal environment and respond to external conditions effectively.