Cell Cycle Checkpoints: Ensuring DNA Replication Accuracy

Which cell cycle checkpoint determines whether the DNA has been replicated correctly?

a. the cell growth checkpoint
b. the DNA synthesis checkpoint
c. the mitosis checkpoint
d. the G2 checkpoint

Answer:

d. The G2 checkpoint

Cell division is a highly regulated process essential for growth, development, and maintenance of organisms. The cell cycle consists of several checkpoints that ensure the proper progression and integrity of genetic material. One crucial checkpoint in the cell cycle is the G2 checkpoint.

The G2 checkpoint plays a critical role in verifying the accuracy of DNA replication before a cell proceeds to the next phase of the cell cycle, which is mitosis. At this checkpoint, the cell ensures that all chromosomes have been duplicated and that the newly synthesized DNA is free of damage or errors.

If any DNA damage or replication errors are detected at the G2 checkpoint, the cell cycle is temporarily halted to allow for DNA repair mechanisms to correct the issues. This safeguard mechanism helps prevent the transmission of faulty genetic material to daughter cells, maintaining genomic stability and integrity.

Therefore, the G2 checkpoint serves as a quality control checkpoint in the cell cycle, ensuring that only cells with accurately replicated and undamaged DNA can proceed to cell division. By carefully monitoring DNA integrity, this checkpoint plays a crucial role in the overall health and survival of the organism.